Economy

Articles in this section, each with its sources.

Image credits

Image attribution: King Abdullah Financial District 20230411 114859 — Ahmed, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKing_Abdullah_Financial_District_20230411_114859.jpg ; license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 . CMS derivative: converted to WebP at quality 85; proportionally resized within 2400 × 2400 without enlargement where needed. / نسخة CMS: تحويل إلى WebP بجودة 85 وتصغير تناسبي عند الحاجة ضمن 2400 × 2400 دون تكبير. · License: CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

2016–2030

Saudi Vision 2030: A Framework for Transformation

An introduction to Saudi Vision 2030, its social, economic and institutional themes, and the relationship between implementation programmes, long-term targets and measured results.

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Image credits

Image attribution: KAFD seen from North east side of Riyadh City — B.alotaby, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKAFD_seen_from_North_east_side_of_Riyadh_City.jpg ; license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 . CMS derivative: converted to WebP at quality 85; proportionally resized within 2400 × 2400 without enlargement where needed. / نسخة CMS: تحويل إلى WebP بجودة 85 وتصغير تناسبي عند الحاجة ضمن 2400 × 2400 دون تكبير. · License: CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Financial institutions

Capital Market Authority: Regulation and Investor Protection

Explore the Saudi Capital Market Authority's role in securities regulation, disclosure and market oversight, and understand how the regulator differs from the exchange operator.

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Image credits

Image attribution: Ahmed (User:Ahmed) — Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Contextual image (contextual=true) showing the King Abdullah Financial District in Riyadh, not a Fund event. Modified: cropped to a horizontal band and resized to 1920×672 (horizontal band cropped from the original landscape photo) to fit the article cover; no retouching or added elements. / «Ahmed» (User:Ahmed) — عمل شخصي، رخصة CC BY-SA 4.0، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز. صورة سياقية (contextual=true) تُظهر حيّ الملك عبدالله المالي بالرياض لا حدثاً للصندوق. عُدِّلت بقصّ شريط أفقي وتغيير المقاس إلى 1920×672 (الشريط الأفقي من الصورة الأصلية الأفقية) لتناسب غلاف المقالة، دون تنقيح أو إضافات. · License: CC BY-SA 4.0

1971م–2026م

The Public Investment Fund

The Public Investment Fund is a Saudi fund established in 1971 CE/1391 AH under Royal Decree No. (M/24), and linked in 1436 AH/2015 CE to the Council of Economic and Development Affairs. The assets it manages exceed SAR 3.4 trillion, and its activity spans three investment portfolios and giga-projects including NEOM, Qiddiya, the Red Sea, Roshn, and Diriyah.

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Image credits

Image attribution: Planet Labs, Inc. — Planet gallery, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Modified: cropped to a centered horizontal band and resized to 1920×672 to fit the article cover; no retouching or added elements. / «Planet Labs, Inc.» — من غاليري Planet، رخصة CC BY-SA 4.0، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز. عُدِّلت الصورة بقصّ شريط أفقي مركزي وتغيير المقاس إلى 1920×672 لتناسب غلاف المقالة، دون تنقيح أو إضافات. · License: CC BY-SA 4.0

1933م–2026م

Saudi Aramco

Saudi Aramco is the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, a national oil and gas company whose roots go back to a concession agreement concluded in 1933 CE, and which achieved its first commercial oil production in 1938 CE. The Kingdom completed its ownership of the company in 1980 CE, and it was formally established under its current name in 1988 CE; its net income for the 2025 fiscal year reached about SAR 392.5 billion.

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Image credits

Image attribution: Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons (JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth, ISS Expedition 31). Modified: cropped and resized to 1920×672 (horizontal band cropped from the original) to fit the article cover. Contextual image: depicts NEOM's geographic location (the Red Sea coast), not the construction project itself. / «Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center» — ملكية عامة (Public domain)، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز (JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth، بعثة ISS Expedition 31). عُدِّلت الصورة بقصّها وتغيير مقاسها إلى 1920×672 (شريط أفقي مقصوص من الأصل) لتناسب غلاف المقالة. صورة سياقية: تُظهر موقع نيوم الجغرافي (الساحل/البحر الأحمر) لا المشروع الإنشائي نفسه. · License: Public domain

2019–2026

NEOM

NEOM is a major development project in the northwest of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, established in 2019 with a master plan covering 26,500 square kilometres, and is one of the most prominent projects of the Public Investment Fund. The project includes major cities and destinations, among them THE LINE, Oxagon, Trojena and Sindalah, alongside NEOM Port and the green hydrogen project.

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Image credits

Image attribution: Chi Ho Chan — CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Modified: cropped and resized to 1920×672 (a horizontal band cropped from the centre of the original) to fit the article cover. Contextual image: depicts the Saudi currency (halala coins) issued by the Saudi Central Bank, not the bank's headquarters or a specific event. / «Chi Ho Chan» — رخصة CC BY 2.0، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز. عُدِّلت الصورة بقصّها وتصغيرها إلى 1920×672 (شريط أفقي مقتطع من منتصف الصورة الأصلية) لتناسب غلاف المقالة. صورة سياقية: تُظهر العملة السعودية (الهلالات) التي يصدرها البنك المركزي السعودي، لا مقرّ البنك ولا حدثاً بعينه. · License: CC BY 2.0

1952م–2023م

Saudi Central Bank

The Saudi Central Bank is the central bank of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; its first nucleus was established in 1371 AH, corresponding to 1952 CE, as the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, and its current Law was issued by Royal Decree No. (M/36), dated 11/4/1442 AH. The Bank is directly linked to the King and is responsible for formulating and managing monetary policy and for supporting the stability of the financial sector and economic growth.

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Image credits

Image attribution: B.alotaby — Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Modified: cropped and resized to 1920×672 (horizontal band cropped from the original) to fit the article cover. Contextual image: depicts the Riyadh skyline — the seat of the National Transformation Program — not the program or its events. / «B.alotaby» — عمل شخصي، رخصة CC BY-SA 4.0، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز. عُدِّلت الصورة بقصّها وتغيير مقاسها إلى 1920×672 (شريط أفقي مقصوص من الأصل) لتناسب غلاف المقالة. صورة سياقية (contextual): تُظهر أفق الرياض — مقرّ إدارة برنامج التحول الوطني — لا البرنامج أو فعالياته. · License: CC BY-SA 4.0

2016–2026

National Transformation Program

The National Transformation Program is the first executive programme of Saudi Vision 2030, launched in June 2016 to be the largest of the Vision's realisation programmes in terms of the strategic objectives assigned to it. The Program works to achieve 34 of the Vision's 96 objectives through more than 313 initiatives led by seven ministries and more than 50 participating entities.

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Image credits

Image attribution: الشعار الرسمي لبرنامج جودة الحياة — منشور في «سعوديبيديا / Saudipedia» (وزارة الإعلام، المملكة العربية السعودية)، حقوق النشر محفوظة لوزارة الإعلام 2026. الملف المصدر: saudipedia_qol_2.jpg (1280×800) عبر og:image لصفحة «ما برنامج جودة الحياة؟»، وأُضيف بلا قص ولا تكبير على خلفية كريمية #f4efe5 بمقاس غلاف 1920×672. · License: جميع الحقوق محفوظة — وزارة الإعلام (سعوديبيديا)

2018–2030

Quality of Life Program

The Quality of Life Program is one of the programs realizing Saudi Vision 2030; it was launched in 2018 to improve and enrich the life of the individual and the family. It works on ten strategic objectives within seven sectors and carries out its work in cooperation with 23 partner entities through 173 initiatives and 42 strategic indicators.

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Image credits

Image attribution: Official logo of Saudi Exchange (تداول السعودية) — entity/author: Saudi Tadawul Group, published on the official site saudiexchange.sa, licence: Public domain (PD-textlogo) — via Wikimedia Commons. Added without cropping or upscaling on a cream #f4efe5 background at cover size 1920×672, with a faint blurred echo of the logo behind it. / الشعار الرسمي لـ«تداول السعودية» — الجهة/المؤلف: مجموعة تداول السعودية (Saudi Tadawul Group)، المنشور على الموقع الرسمي saudiexchange.sa، رخصة: ملكية عامة (Public domain، قالب PD-textlogo) — عبر ويكيميديا كومنز. أُضيف بلا قصّ ولا تكبير على خلفية كريمية #f4efe5 بمقاس غلاف 1920×672، مع أثر مموّه خفيف للشعار في الخلفية. · License: Public domain (PD-textlogo)

2021م–2022م

Saudi Tadawul Group

Saudi Tadawul Group is a Saudi holding company that forms the parent company of the Kingdom's capital market; the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) announced its conversion into it on 25 Sha'ban 1442 AH, corresponding to 7 April 2021. The Group comprises four subsidiaries, and its shares were listed on the Main Market after an initial public offering at which its market value reached SAR 12.6 billion.

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