Historical eventsImage credits
Image attribution: The Historical Atlas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia — Dr. Ibrahim Jum'ah, King Abdulaziz Foundation (Darah), 1972, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons (used uncropped on a plain cream 1920x672 canvas to fit the article cover) / الأطلس التاريخي للمملكة العربية السعودية — د. إبراهيم جمعة، دارة الملك عبد العزيز (١٩٧٢)، ملكية عامة، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز (وُضعت كما هي دون قص، على خلفية كريمية موحّدة ١٩٢٠×٦٧٢ لتناسب غلاف المقالة) · License: Public Domain
1308–1319هـ/1890–1902م
The Battle of Sarif was the first attempt by King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud to recover Riyadh in 1318 AH / 1901 CE, and men of Al Saud and the people of Riyadh took part in it. It followed the departure of the Al Saud family from Riyadh with Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal in 1308 AH / 1890 CE and the taking of Kuwait as a base of departure, and it was followed by the successful attempt in 1319 AH / 1901–1902 CE that led to the recovery of Riyadh.
Read article→
Historical events1904
The Battle of Al-Bukayriyah was fought in 1904 between the forces of King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud on one side and the Ottoman Empire (the Turks) and Al Rashid on the other, within the course of the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The records of the Saudi state are preserved in the India Office in London, covering the events of the period from 1902 to 1931.
Read article→
Historic routesImage credits
Image attribution: Source: photomechanical print "Medina. Hauptbahnhof vor dem Westtor. 1914", Miscellaneous Items in High Demand, Library of Congress (LCCN 2002714726), 1914, public domain. Via Wikimedia Commons. Modified: resized and cropped to 1920×672 to fit the article cover. / المصدر: مطبوعة ضوئية بعنوان «Medina. Hauptbahnhof vor dem Westtor. 1914» من مجموعة Miscellaneous Items in High Demand، مكتبة الكونغرس الأمريكية (LCCN 2002714726)، تصوير 1914م، ملكية عامة. متاحة عبر ويكيميديا كومنز. عُدِّلت: أُعيد تحجيمها وقُصّت إلى 1920×672 لتناسب غلاف المقالة. · License: Public domain
1900–1917
The Hejaz Railway is a railway line ordered to be built in March 1900, with work beginning in 1900, to link the Muslims of the northern Arabian Peninsula with the Holy Places; it runs from Damascus station to Madinah station. The first train reached Madinah on 22 Rajab 1326 AH, corresponding to 23 August 1908, and the line operated for about nine years. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia today preserves its station, its museum and its antiquities in the Tabuk and Madinah regions.
Read article→عام الفيل إلى 15 سبتمبر 2026م
The Houthi attack on Makkah refers to two hostile attempts against the Holy Capital, intercepted and destroyed by the Royal Saudi Air Defence Forces before they reached Makkah: a ballistic missile on 27 July 2017, and a hostile drone on 15 September 2026. Both attempts ended in failure, and the Kingdom reaffirmed that the security of the Two Holy Mosques and the Guests of the Most Merciful is a red line.
Read article→
Historic routesImage credits
Image attribution: Al-Ula Old Town 2021 — photograph by Richard Mortel, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons (File:Al-Ula Old Town 2021.jpg, 4032×3024). Modified: a 1920×672 horizontal band cropped from the centre (no upscaling, no retouching, no elements added). Same photograph is already held in the encyclopedia media library as asset id 94. / «البلدة القديمة في العُلا» — تصوير Richard Mortel، رخصة CC BY 2.0، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز (الملف: File:Al-Ula Old Town 2021.jpg، مقاسه 4032×3024). عُدِّلت: قُصّ شريط أفقي 1920×672 من وسط الصورة دون تكبير ولا تنقيح ولا إضافة عناصر. والصورة ذاتها محفوظة في مكتبة وسائط الموسوعة بالمعرّف 94. · License: CC BY 2.0
القرن الرابع قبل الميلاد – القرن الخامس الميلادي
The Incense Trade Route is a trade artery established by the caravans from the south of the Arabian Peninsula between Makkah and Madinah, on to the Levant to the north and Al-Ahsa and Bahrain to the east. Stations along its course include Qaryat al-Faw, AlUla and the Hegra site, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is reviving this legacy today through cultural and tourism projects.
Read article→
Historic routesImage credits
Image attribution: Dhat al-Hajj fort on the Shami Hajj route — Heritage Commission, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (original file: File:ذات الحجاج.jpg, 4496×3000). Modified: cropped to a 1920×672 horizontal band and the camera date stamp in the lower margin removed. / قلعة ذات الحاج على طريق الحج الشامي — هيئة التراث (Heritage Commission)، رخصة CC BY-SA 4.0، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز (الملف الأصلي: File:ذات الحجاج.jpg، 4496×3000). التعديل: اقتُصّ شريط أفقي وحُوّل إلى 1920×672 وأُزيل طابع تاريخ الكاميرا من الحاشية السفلى. · License: CC BY-SA 4.0
عبر قرون طويلة حتى العهد السعودي
The Shami Hajj Route is a historic course taken by pilgrims coming from the Levant to Makkah and Madinah, which for long centuries served as a main artery for the passage of caravans and a civilisational route linking the parts of the Islamic world. It runs from Damascus through archaeological forts and stations until Madinah, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia continues to develop it with modern roads and integrated services for pilgrims and Umrah performers.
Read article→
Historical eventsImage credits
Image attribution: Anonymous — CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons; original file File:305f0AAF652E-E072-40B9-A9B6-AC5C96290608.webp (1600×900, photo dated 1915, category Faisal El Dwaish). Modified: placed complete without cropping or retouching on a blurred cream 1920×672 canvas to fit the article cover. / Anonymous (مؤلف مجهول) — رخصة CC BY 4.0، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز؛ الملف الأصلي File:305f0AAF652E-E072-40B9-A9B6-AC5C96290608.webp (1600×900، تاريخ الصورة 1915، تصنيف Faisal El Dwaish). عُدِّلت: وُضعت كاملةً بلا قص ولا تنقيح على خلفية كريمية مموّهة 1920×672 لتناسب غلاف المقالة. · License: CC BY 4.0
1329–1351هـ / 1911–1932م
The Battle of Jarrab is among the events of the confrontation between Najd and Hail at the outset of World War I, and it was connected with developments in the region, including the military plan of the Ottoman authorities in 1914 and Britain's efforts to make contact with King Abdulaziz; the events of the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia then continued until the proclamation of the Kingdom in 1351 AH / 1932.
Read article→
Historical eventsImage credits
Image attribution: RR1886 — CC0 1.0 (Public Domain Dedication), via Wikimedia Commons; original file File:Battle of Mulayda.jpg. Modified: placed as-is without cropping or retouching on a blurred cream 1920×672 canvas to fit the article cover. / RR1886 — رخصة CC0 1.0 (إهداء إلى الملكية العامة)، عبر ويكيميديا كومنز؛ الملف الأصلي File:Battle of Mulayda.jpg. عُدِّلت: وُضعت كما هي بلا قص ولا تنقيح على خلفية كريمية مموّهة 1920×672 لتناسب غلاف المقالة. · License: CC0 1.0
1308هـ/1891م
The Battle of Mulayda was fought in 1308 AH/1891 and stands among the last decisive episodes in the history of the Second Saudi State, whose era ended the following year, 1309 AH/1891. It was followed by the departure of Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal with his family from Riyadh to Kuwait, and by the role of his daughter Noura in encouraging her brother Abdulaziz, until the recapture of Riyadh in 1319 AH/1902.
Read article→
Historical eventsImage credits
Image attribution: Original Treaty of Darin (1915) document — file 'Darin treaty 1915.jpg' at marefa.org (uploader: Shafei); license undocumented. Shown uncropped and unresized on a neutral background to fit the article cover. / وثيقة أصل معاهدة دارين (1915) — ملف «Darin treaty 1915.jpg» على المعرفة marefa.org (رافع الملف: Shafei)، رخصة غير موثّقة؛ عُرضت كما هي كاملةً بلا قص ولا تكبير على خلفية محايدة لتناسب غلاف المقالة. · License: غير موثّقة — وثيقة تاريخية رسمية لعام 1915م تتجاوز مدّة الحماية؛ المصدر ملف محلي في marefa.org
1334هـ/1915م – 1927م
The Treaty of Darin is a treaty signed by King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman bin Faisal Al Saud with Britain, in which Britain recognised Abdulaziz as Emir of Najd and Al-Ahsa. It is also known as the Treaty of Qatif and the Treaty of Al-Uqair, and it was annulled in the Treaty of Jeddah of 1927.
Read article→